c105117b40
PCRE is now at end of life and is no longer actively maintained. Lift the dependency to the next major version, i.e. PCRE2. Implementation notes: - Removed the pcre study option since: "The new API ... was simplified by abolishing the separate "study" optimizing function; in PCRE2, patterns are automatically optimized where possible." - If asprintf() fails the content of the 'strp' variable is undefined. Lets check the return value and return NULL upon error. - Pattern and subject can straightforwardly be cast to PCRE2_SPTR since we only work with 8-bit code units.
415 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
415 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
R3
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
[](https://travis-ci.org/c9s/r3)
|
|
|
|
[](https://coveralls.io/r/c9s/r3)
|
|
|
|
R3 is an URL router library with high performance, thus, it's implemented in C.
|
|
It compiles your R3Route paths into a prefix trie.
|
|
|
|
By using the prefix tree constructed in the start-up time, you can dispatch
|
|
the path to the controller with high efficiency.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Requirement
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
### Build Requirement
|
|
|
|
* autoconf
|
|
* automake
|
|
* check
|
|
* pkg-config
|
|
|
|
### Runtime Requirement
|
|
|
|
* pcre2
|
|
* (optional) graphviz version 2.38.0 (20140413.2041)
|
|
* (optional) libjson-c-dev
|
|
|
|
Pattern Syntax
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
/blog/post/{id} use [^/]+ regular expression by default.
|
|
/blog/post/{id:\d+} use `\d+` regular expression instead of default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
API
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
#include <r3/r3.h>
|
|
|
|
// create a router tree with 10 children capacity (this capacity can grow dynamically)
|
|
R3Node *n = r3_tree_create(10);
|
|
|
|
int route_data = 3;
|
|
|
|
// insert the R3Route path into the router tree
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/bar", &route_data); // ignore the length of path
|
|
|
|
r3_tree_insert_pathl(n, "/zoo", strlen("/zoo"), &route_data );
|
|
r3_tree_insert_pathl(n, "/foo/bar", strlen("/foo/bar"), &route_data );
|
|
|
|
r3_tree_insert_pathl(n ,"/post/{id}", strlen("/post/{id}") , &route_data );
|
|
|
|
r3_tree_insert_pathl(n, "/user/{id:\\d+}", strlen("/user/{id:\\d+}"), &route_data );
|
|
|
|
|
|
// if you want to catch error, you may call the extended path function for insertion
|
|
int data = 10;
|
|
char *errstr = NULL;
|
|
R3Node *ret = r3_tree_insert_pathl_ex(n, "/foo/{name:\\d{5}", strlen("/foo/{name:\\d{5}"), NULL, &data, &errstr);
|
|
if (ret == NULL) {
|
|
// failed insertion
|
|
printf("error: %s\n", errstr);
|
|
free(errstr); // errstr is created from `asprintf`, so you have to free it manually.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
// let's compile the tree!
|
|
char *errstr = NULL;
|
|
int err = r3_tree_compile(n, &errstr);
|
|
if (err != 0) {
|
|
// fail
|
|
printf("error: %s\n", errstr);
|
|
free(errstr); // errstr is created from `asprintf`, so you have to free it manually.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
// dump the compiled tree
|
|
r3_tree_dump(n, 0);
|
|
|
|
// match a route
|
|
R3Node *matched_node = r3_tree_matchl(n, "/foo/bar", strlen("/foo/bar"), NULL);
|
|
if (matched_node) {
|
|
int ret = *( (int*) matched_node->data );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// release the tree
|
|
r3_tree_free(n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Capture Dynamic Variables**
|
|
|
|
If you want to capture the variables from regular expression, you will need to
|
|
create a `match_entry` object and pass the object to `r3_tree_matchl` function,
|
|
the catched variables will be pushed into the match entry structure:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
match_entry * entry = match_entry_create("/foo/bar");
|
|
|
|
// free the match entry
|
|
match_entry_free(entry);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
And you can even specify the request method restriction:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
entry->request_method = METHOD_GET;
|
|
entry->request_method = METHOD_POST;
|
|
entry->request_method = METHOD_GET | METHOD_POST;
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
When using `match_entry`, you may match the R3Route with `r3_tree_match_entry` function:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
R3Node * matched_node = r3_tree_match_entry(n, entry);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Release Memory**
|
|
|
|
To release the memory, you may call `r3_tree_free(R3Node *tree)` to release the whole tree structure,
|
|
`node*`, `edge*`, `route*` objects that were inserted into the tree will be freed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Routing with conditions
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
// create a router tree with 10 children capacity (this capacity can grow dynamically)
|
|
n = r3_tree_create(10);
|
|
|
|
int route_data = 3;
|
|
|
|
// insert the R3Route path into the router tree
|
|
r3_tree_insert_routel(n, METHOD_GET | METHOD_POST, "/blog/post", sizeof("/blog/post") - 1, &route_data );
|
|
|
|
char *errstr = NULL;
|
|
int err = r3_tree_compile(n, &errstr);
|
|
if (err != 0) {
|
|
// fail
|
|
printf("error: %s\n", errstr);
|
|
free(errstr); // errstr is created from `asprintf`, so you have to free it manually.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
// in your http server handler
|
|
|
|
// create the match entry for capturing dynamic variables.
|
|
match_entry * entry = match_entry_create("/blog/post");
|
|
entry->request_method = METHOD_GET;
|
|
|
|
|
|
R3Route *matched_R3Route = r3_tree_match_route(n, entry);
|
|
matched_route->data; // get the data from matched route
|
|
|
|
// free the objects at the end
|
|
match_entry_free(entry);
|
|
r3_tree_free(n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Slug
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
A slug is a placeholder, which captures the string from the URL as a variable.
|
|
Slugs will be compiled into regular expression patterns.
|
|
|
|
Slugs without patterns (like `/user/{userId}`) will be compiled into the `[^/]+` pattern.
|
|
|
|
To specify the pattern of a slug, you may write a colon to separate the slug name and the pattern:
|
|
|
|
"/user/{userId:\\d+}"
|
|
|
|
The above R3Route will use `\d+` as its pattern.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optimization
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
Simple regular expressions are optimized through a regexp pattern to opcode
|
|
translator, which translates simple patterns into small & fast scanners.
|
|
|
|
By using this method, r3 reduces the matching overhead of pcre2 library.
|
|
|
|
Optimized patterns are: `[a-z]+`, `[0-9]+`, `\d+`, `\w+`, `[^/]+`, `[^-]+` or `.*`.
|
|
|
|
Slugs without specified regular expression will be compiled into the `[^/]+` pattern. therefore, it's optimized too.
|
|
|
|
Complex regular expressions will still use libpcre2 to match URL (partially).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performance
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
The routing benchmark from stevegraham/rails' PR <https://github.com/stevegraham/rails/pull/1>:
|
|
|
|
omg 10462.0 (±6.7%) i/s - 52417 in 5.030416s
|
|
|
|
And here is the result of the router journey:
|
|
|
|
omg 9932.9 (±4.8%) i/s - 49873 in 5.033452s
|
|
|
|
r3 uses the same R3Route path data for benchmarking, and here is the benchmark:
|
|
|
|
3 runs, 5000000 iterations each run, finished in 1.308894 seconds
|
|
11460057.83 i/sec
|
|
|
|
|
|
### The Route Paths Of Benchmark
|
|
|
|
The R3Route path generator is from <https://github.com/stevegraham/rails/pull/1>:
|
|
|
|
```ruby
|
|
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
|
|
arr = ["foo", "bar", "baz", "qux", "quux", "corge", "grault", "garply"]
|
|
paths = arr.permutation(3).map { |a| "/#{a.join '/'}" }
|
|
paths.each do |path|
|
|
puts "r3_tree_insert_path(n, \"#{path}\", NULL);"
|
|
end
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Function prefix mapping
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
|Function Prefix |Description |
|
|
|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
|
|`r3_tree_*` |Tree related operations, which require a node to operate a whole tree |
|
|
|`r3_node_*` |Single node related operations, which do not go through its own children or parent. |
|
|
|`r3_edge_*` |Edge related operations |
|
|
|`r3_route_*` |Route related operations, which are needed only when the tree is defined by routes |
|
|
|`match_entry_*` |Match entry related operations, a `match_entry` is just like the request parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rendering Routes With Graphviz
|
|
---------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The `r3_tree_render_file` API let you render the whole R3Route trie into a image.
|
|
|
|
To use graphviz, you need to enable graphviz while you run `configure`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
./configure --enable-graphviz
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is the sample code of generating graph output:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
R3Node * n = r3_tree_create(1);
|
|
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/foo/bar/baz", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/foo/bar/qux", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/foo/bar/quux", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/foo/bar/corge", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/foo/bar/grault", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/garply/grault/foo", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/garply/grault/bar", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/user/{id}", NULL);
|
|
r3_tree_insert_path(n, "/post/{title:\\w+}", NULL);
|
|
|
|
char *errstr = NULL;
|
|
int err;
|
|
err = r3_tree_compile(n, &errstr);
|
|
if (err != 0) {
|
|
// fail
|
|
printf("error: %s\n", errstr);
|
|
free(errstr); // errstr is created from `asprintf`, so you have to free it manually.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
r3_tree_render_file(n, "png", "check_gvc.png");
|
|
r3_tree_free(n);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Or you can even export it with dot format:
|
|
|
|
```dot
|
|
digraph g {
|
|
graph [bb="0,0,205.1,471"];
|
|
node [label="\N"];
|
|
"{root}" [height=0.5,
|
|
pos="35.097,453",
|
|
width=0.97491];
|
|
"#1" [height=0.5,
|
|
pos="35.097,366",
|
|
width=0.75];
|
|
....
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Graphviz Related Functions
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
int r3_tree_render_file(const R3Node * tree, const char * format, const char * filename);
|
|
|
|
int r3_tree_render(const R3Node * tree, const char *layout, const char * format, FILE *fp);
|
|
|
|
int r3_tree_render_dot(const R3Node * tree, const char *layout, FILE *fp);
|
|
|
|
int r3_tree_render_file(const R3Node * tree, const char * format, const char * filename);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
JSON Output
|
|
----------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
You can render the whole tree structure into json format output.
|
|
|
|
Please run `configure` with the `--enable-json` option.
|
|
|
|
Here is the sample code to generate JSON string:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
json_object * obj = r3_node_to_json_object(n);
|
|
|
|
const char *json = r3_node_to_json_pretty_string(n);
|
|
printf("Pretty JSON: %s\n",json);
|
|
|
|
const char *json = r3_node_to_json_string(n);
|
|
printf("JSON: %s\n",json);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use case in PHP
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
**not implemented yet**
|
|
|
|
```php
|
|
// Here is the paths data structure
|
|
$paths = [
|
|
'/blog/post/{id}' => [ 'controller' => 'PostController' , 'action' => 'item' , 'method' => 'GET' ] ,
|
|
'/blog/post' => [ 'controller' => 'PostController' , 'action' => 'list' , 'method' => 'GET' ] ,
|
|
'/blog/post' => [ 'controller' => 'PostController' , 'action' => 'create' , 'method' => 'POST' ] ,
|
|
'/blog' => [ 'controller' => 'BlogController' , 'action' => 'list' , 'method' => 'GET' ] ,
|
|
];
|
|
$rs = r3_compile($paths, 'persisten-table-id');
|
|
$ret = r3_dispatch($rs, '/blog/post/3' );
|
|
list($complete, $route, $variables) = $ret;
|
|
|
|
// matched conditions aren't done yet
|
|
list($error, $message) = r3_validate($route); // validate R3Route conditions
|
|
if ( $error ) {
|
|
echo $message; // "Method not allowed", "...";
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Install
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
sudo apt-get install check libpcre2 libpcre2-dev libjemalloc-dev libjemalloc1 build-essential libtool automake autoconf pkg-config
|
|
sudo apt-get install graphviz-dev graphviz # if you want graphviz
|
|
./autogen.sh
|
|
./configure && make
|
|
sudo make install
|
|
|
|
And we support debian-based distro now!
|
|
|
|
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libpcre2-dev pkg-config debhelper libtool check
|
|
mv dist-debian debian
|
|
dpkg-buildpackage -b -us -uc
|
|
sudo gdebi ../libr3*.deb
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Run Unit Tests
|
|
|
|
./configure --enable-check
|
|
make check
|
|
|
|
#### Enable Graphviz
|
|
|
|
./configure --enable-graphviz
|
|
|
|
#### With jemalloc
|
|
|
|
./configure --with-malloc=jemalloc
|
|
|
|
ubuntu PPA
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
The PPA for libr3 can be found in <https://launchpad.net/~r3-team/+archive/libr3-daily>.
|
|
|
|
Binding For Other Languages
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
* Perl Router::R3 by @CindyLinz <https://metacpan.org/pod/Router::R3>
|
|
* Python pyr3 by @lucemia <https://github.com/lucemia/pyr3>
|
|
* Python pyr3 by @thedrow <https://github.com/thedrow/pyr3>
|
|
* Haskell r3 by @MnO2 <https://github.com/MnO2/r3>
|
|
* Vala r3-vala by @Ronmi <https://github.com/Ronmi/r3-vala>
|
|
|
|
Node.js
|
|
|
|
* node-r3 by @othree <https://github.com/othree/node-r3>
|
|
* node-libr3 by @caasi <https://github.com/caasi/node-r3>
|
|
|
|
Ruby
|
|
|
|
* Ruby rr3 by @tonytonyjan <https://github.com/tonytonyjan/rr3>
|
|
* mruby r3 <https://github.com/rail44/mruby-r3>
|
|
* mruby rake r3 <https://github.com/rail44/mruby-rack-r3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
License
|
|
--------------------
|
|
This software is released under MIT License.
|